Transformador (Transformador) es un dispositivo que utiliza el principio de inducción electromagnética para cambiar el voltaje de CA, los componentes principales son la bobina primaria, la bobina secundaria y el núcleo de hierro (núcleo magnético). Las funciones principales son: transformación de voltaje, transformación de corriente, transformación de impedancia, aislamiento, estabilización de voltaje (transformador de saturación magnética), etc. Se puede dividir en transformadores de potencia y transformadores especiales (transformador de horno eléctrico, transformador rectificador, transformador de prueba de frecuencia de potencia, voltaje regulador, transformador de minería, transformador de audio, transformador de frecuencia intermedia, transformador de alta frecuencia, transformador de impacto, transformador de instrumento, transformador electrónico), reactores, transformadores, etc.). Los símbolos de circuito a menudo usan T como el comienzo del número. Ejemplo: T01, T201, etc.
Reactor de salida: cuando la longitud de la salida del cable del inversor al motor es mayor que el valor especificado del producto, se debe agregar un reactor de salida para compensar el impacto de la carga y descarga de la capacidad eléctrica acoplada cuando el el cable está funcionando para evitar el flujo del inversor. Reactor dv / dt de salida: para limitar la tasa de aumento del voltaje de salida del inversor para garantizar que el aislamiento del motor sea normal. Filtro de onda sinusoidal: haga que el voltaje y la corriente de salida del inversor se aproximen a una onda sinusoidal, reduzca el coeficiente de dominio armónico del motor y la presión de aislamiento del motor. Estas opciones deben instalarse en el lado de salida del inversor.
El siguiente es el modelo del producto y su introducción:
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4NC5112-0BC20；4NC5112-0CB21；4NC5112-2BC20；4NC5112-2CB21；4NC5113-0BC20；4NC5113-0CB21；4NC5113-2BC20；4NC5113-2CB21；4NC5115-0CC21；4NC5115-2CC21；4NC5117-0CC21；4NC5117-0DA21；4NC5117-2CC21；4NC5117-2DA21；4NC5121-0CC21；4NC5121-0DC21；4NC5121-2CC21；4NC5121-2DC21；4NC5121-2FA21；4NC5122-0CE21；4NC5122-0DE21；4NC5122-2CE21；4NC5122-2DE21；4NC5122-2FC21；4NC5123-0CE20；4NC5123-0CE21；4NC5123-0DE21；4NC5123-2CE20；4NC5123-2CE21；4NC5123-2DE21；4NC5123-2FC21；4NC5124-2FE21；4NC5125-2FE21；4NC5126-2FE21；4NC5222-0CE21；4NC5222-0DE21；4NC5222-2CE21；4NC5222-2DE21；4NC5223-0CE21；4NC5223-0DE21；4NC5223-2CE21；4NC5223-2DE21；4NC5224-0CE20；4NC5224-0CE21；4NC5224-0DE21；4NC5224-2CE20；4NC5224-2CE21；4NC5224-2DE21；4NC5225-0CE21；4NC5225-0DE21；4NC5225-2CE21；4NC5225-2DE21；4NC5227-2FE21；4NC5228-2FE21；4NC5231-2FE21；4NC5232-2FE21；4NC5325-0CE20；4NC5325-0CE21；4NC5325-0DE21；4NC5325-2CE20；4NC5325-2CE21；4NC5325-2DE21；4NC5326-0CE21；4NC5326-0DE21；4NC5326-2CE21；4NC5326-2DE21；4NC5327-0CE21；4NC5327-0DE21；4NC5327-2CE21；4NC5327-2DE21；4NC5328-2CE20；4NC5330-0CE21；4NC5330-0DE21；4NC5330-2CE21；4NC5330-2DE21；4NC5331-2DE21；4NC5431-0CH20；4NC5431-0CH21；4NC5431-0DH21；4NC5431-2CH21；4NC5431-2DH21；4NC5432-0CH21；4NC5432-0DH21；4NC5432-2CH21；4NC5432-2DH21；4NC5433-0CH20；4NC5433-0DH21；4NC5433-2CH20；4NC5433-2DH21；4NC5434-0CH21；4NC5434-2CH20；4NC5434-2CH21；4NC5435-0CH21；4NC5435-0DH21；4NC5435-2CH21；4NC5435-2DH21；4NC5436-2DK21；4NC5438-0CJ21；4NC5438-2CJ21；4NC5438-2DL21；4NC5440-0CJ21；4NC5440-2CJ21；4NC5440-2DM21；4NC5441-2CN21；4NC5441-2DN21；4NC5923-5LT21；4NC5925-5LT21；4NC5930-5LT21；4NC5940-5LT21；
7KT1223；7KT1222；7KT1260；7KT1542；7KT1548；7KT9030；7KT1546；7KT1545；7KT1543；7KT1540；7KT1242；7KT1238；7KT1900；7KT1664；7KT1666；7KT1533；7KT1668；7KT1236；7KT1662；7KT1682；7KT1531；7KT1673；7KT1233；7KT1671；7KT1665；7KT1907；7KT1667；7KT1530；7KT1908；7KT1661；7KT1663；7KT1681；7KT1672；7KT1670；7KT1652；7KT1654；7KT1656；7KT1110；7KT1120；7KT1200；7KT1651；7KT1653；7KT1655；7KT1202；7KT1201；7KT5600；7KT5823；7KT5833；7KT5822；7KT5821；7KT5801；7KT1255；7KT5500；7KT1254；7KT9010；7KT9011；7KT5812；7KT5814；7KT5811；7KT5601；7KT5602；7KT5603；7KT5604；7KT5802；7KT5803；7KT5804；7KT5806；7KT5807；7KT5505；7KT5501；7KT5502；7KT5503；7KT5504；7KT9000；7KT9021；7KT9020；
Principio de funcionamiento:
El transformador consta de un núcleo de hierro (o núcleo magnético) y una bobina. La bobina tiene dos o más devanados. El devanado conectado a la fuente de alimentación se llama bobina primaria, y los devanados restantes se denominan bobinas secundarias. Puede transformar el voltaje de CA, la corriente y la impedancia. El transformador de núcleo de hierro más simple está compuesto por un núcleo de hierro hecho de material magnético blando y dos bobinas con diferentes giros que cubren el núcleo de hierro.
El papel del núcleo es fortalecer el acoplamiento magnético entre las dos bobinas. Para reducir la corriente de Foucault y la pérdida de histéresis en el hierro, el núcleo está hecho de láminas de acero al silicio laminado; no hay conexión eléctrica entre las dos bobinas, y las bobinas están hechas de cables de cobre aislados (o cables de aluminio). Una bobina conectada a la fuente de alimentación de CA se llama bobina primaria (o bobina primaria), y la otra bobina conectada al aparato eléctrico se llama bobina secundaria (o bobina secundaria). El transformador real es muy complicado, e inevitablemente hay pérdida de cobre (calentamiento de la resistencia de la bobina), pérdida de hierro (calentamiento del núcleo de hierro) y fuga magnética (cable de inducción magnética cerrado por aire), etc. Para simplificar la discusión, solo Aquí se introduce el transformador ideal. Las condiciones para establecer un transformador ideal son: ignorar el flujo de fuga, ignorar la resistencia de las bobinas primaria y secundaria, ignorar la pérdida del núcleo e ignorar la corriente sin carga (la corriente en la bobina primaria del secundario La bobina está abierta). Por ejemplo, cuando el transformador de potencia funciona a plena carga (la potencia nominal de salida de la bobina secundaria), está cerca del transformador ideal.
Los transformadores son aparatos eléctricos estáticos fabricados con el principio de inducción electromagnética. Cuando la bobina original del transformador se conecta a la fuente de alimentación de CA, se genera un flujo magnético alterno en el núcleo de hierro, que generalmente se indica con φ. La φ en las bobinas primaria y secundaria es la misma, y φ también es una función armónica simple. La tabla es φ = φmsinωt. De acuerdo con la ley de inducción electromagnética de Faraday, la fuerza electromotriz inducida en las bobinas primaria y secundaria es e1 = -N1dφ / dt y e2 = -N2dφ / dt. En la fórmula, N1 y N2 son las vueltas de las bobinas primaria y secundaria. Se puede ver que U1 = -e1 y U2 = e2 (la cantidad física de la bobina original está representada por el subíndice 1 y la cantidad física de la bobina secundaria está representada por el subíndice 2). = N1 / N2, llamada relación de transformación del transformador. De la fórmula anterior, U1 / U2 = -N1 / N2 = -k, es decir, la relación del valor efectivo de los voltajes de la bobina primaria y secundaria del transformador es igual a su relación de vueltas y la diferencia de fase entre la bobina primaria y secundaria voltajes es π.
Se concluye además que:
U1/U2 = N1/N2
En el caso de que la corriente sin carga se pueda ignorar, existe I1 / I2 = -N2 / N1, es decir, el valor efectivo de la corriente de la bobina primaria y secundaria es inversamente proporcional al número de vueltas y la diferencia de fase es π.
A su vez disponible
I1/I2 = N2/N1
La potencia de las bobinas primaria y secundaria de un transformador ideal es igual a P1 = P2. Muestra que el transformador ideal en sí mismo no tiene pérdida de potencia. El transformador real siempre tiene pérdidas, y su eficiencia es η = P2 / P1. La eficiencia de los transformadores de potencia es muy alta, hasta más del 90%.
Parámetros característicos:
frecuencia de trabajo
La pérdida del núcleo del transformador tiene una gran relación con la frecuencia, por lo que debe diseñarse y usarse de acuerdo con la frecuencia de uso. Esta frecuencia se llama frecuencia de operación.
potencia nominal
Bajo la frecuencia y voltaje especificados, el transformador puede funcionar durante mucho tiempo sin exceder la potencia de salida del aumento de temperatura especificado.
Tensión nominal
Se refiere al voltaje que se permite aplicar en la bobina del transformador, que no debe ser mayor que el valor especificado durante la operación.
Relación de voltaje
Se refiere a la relación de voltaje primario del transformador y voltaje secundario, existe una diferencia entre la relación de voltaje sin carga y la relación de voltaje de carga.
Corriente sin carga
Cuando el secundario del transformador está abierto, el primario todavía tiene cierta corriente. Esta parte de la corriente se llama corriente sin carga. La corriente sin carga se compone de corriente magnetizante (que genera flujo magnético) y corriente de pérdida de hierro (causada por la pérdida del núcleo). Para un transformador de potencia de 50Hz, la corriente sin carga es básicamente igual a la corriente de magnetización.
Pérdida de carga
Se refiere a la pérdida de potencia medida en el primario cuando el transformador secundario está abierto. La pérdida principal es la pérdida del núcleo, seguida de la pérdida de corriente sin carga (pérdida de cobre) en la resistencia de cobre de la bobina primaria, esta parte de la pérdida es muy pequeña.
eficacia
Se refiere al porcentaje de la relación de potencia secundaria P2 a potencia primaria P1. En general, cuanto mayor es la potencia nominal del transformador, mayor es la eficiencia.
resistencia de aislamiento
Indica el rendimiento de aislamiento entre cada bobina del transformador y entre cada bobina y el núcleo de hierro. El nivel de resistencia de aislamiento está relacionado con el rendimiento del material aislante utilizado, el nivel de temperatura y el grado de humedad.
